African American Women s Status Of African Americans

By 1815, slavery within America was already institutionalised affecting the majority of African Americans; by 1860, there were 3.5 to 4.4 million enslaved African Americans as a result of the Atlantic Slave Trade in comparison to the 488,000–500,000 free African Americans. The Emancipation Proclamation (1863) freed all enslaved African Americans; nonetheless, African Americans were still considered inferior. Especially African American women who were treated significantly worse- sexually exploited, rejected by various southern suffragette groups as well as the National Woman Suffrage Association which opposed the 15th Amendment, enabling African American men to vote, fearing the setback it could cause women in obtaining the vote. Historian Deborah Gray White highlighted the status of being an African American woman stating that being Black in a white society, slave in a free society, woman in a society ruled by men, female slaves had the least formal power and were perhaps t he most vulnerable group of antebellum America. From 1815 to 1917, the lives of white women improved economically, socially and politically. Nevertheless, the improvement of African American women could be questioned. Therefore, this essay will focus on how the lives of African American women from 1815 to 1917 were marked by continuity rather than a period of change and improvement. The Act of 1820 passed by congress, ruled participation in the transatlantic African slave trade as piracy a crimeShow MoreRelatedAfrican American Women During The Civil War1227 Words   |  5 Pages †¢ Is the author s thesis clearly stated? (Restate in your own words) The exceptional rules of war that existed during the Civil War were essential. When it comes to the state of Tennessee, the early â€Å"capture† of the state was of strategically importance for the Union Army. With regards to the experience of African Americans who lived in the state or arrived there during the period of the state’s occupation and Andrew Johnson’s rule, the exceptional character and role of Tennessee turned out toRead MoreAfrican American Women Living With Hiv Aids1576 Words   |  7 PagesRunning Head: AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN LIVING WITH HIV AIDS 1 AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN LIVING WITH HIV AIDS 9 African American Women Living with HIV/AIDS Ruth Dionne Davis SCWK 620 Winthrop University Department of Social Work Abstract HIV/AIDS is a major concern in the African American community. African American women have the highest incidence rate of HIV infection with a steady increase over the years. Extreme poverty, unemployment, underemploymentRead MoreHow did the events of the 1930’s impact African Americans prospects?809 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿How did the events of the 1930’s impact African Americans prospects? Charlie Wilson The 1930’s was a time of great struggle in the USA. The New York stock market crashed in 1929 and triggered a spiral of economic depression, which hit African Americans hard. The Great Depression had a huge impact on African Americans. The Great Depression of the 1930s was catastrophic for all workers. But as usual, African Americans suffered worse, pushed out of unskilled jobs previously scorned by whites beforeRead MoreArticle Critique of Race and Ethnicity and Breast Cancer Outcomes in an Underinsured Population698 Words   |  3 Pageset al. retrospectively examined a group of uninsured and underinsured breast cancer patients in order to determine whether there were statistically significant differences in breast cancer survival rates between African-American and non-Hispanic white women of similar underinsured status. The authors determined that the previous literature concerning differences in breast cancer according to race did not sufficiently take into account equal access to healthcare. To eliminate the variable of accessRead MoreRace Class Gender 456 Final Exam1311 Words   |  6 PagesUse Noel’s theory to explain the contact situation between European Americans and African Americans in early American history (20 pts). We can see the validity of the Noel hypothesis, using an economic model, when we examine the first contact between European Americans and African Americans The European Americans were established as the dominant group before the African Americans arrival to America due to the European Americans population, control of resources and establishment of cultural normsRead MoreExamination And Views On The Urban Women1218 Words   |  5 PagesThis reading follows Melissa Gilbert’s examination and views on the urban women. She believes that ghettos restrict the urban women from financial benefits due to their surroundings. This means that urban women mainly black women are disadvantaged economically due to the fact that their environment lacks economical revenue unlike where their white counterparts live. The distance and lack transportation system make them unable to reach proper areas of work, they begin to suffer what is called spatialRead MoreMental Health Crisis in the African American Community Essay1732 Words   |  7 PagesCurrently about 26.2% of Americans suffer from a mental disorder. A mental illness/disorder is a medical condition that disrupts a person’s thinking, feeling, mood, and ability to relate to others and daily functions. Mental illness can affect humans of any age, race, gender and socioeconomic status. However the care that is needed to effectively cure and help the people affected by the illness is not equal for everyone here in American, especially for African Americans. Health care for mental illnessRead MoreBreast Cancer : A Malignant Tumor1203 Words   |  5 Pagesspread to other parts of the body (Cancer.org, 2015). This type of cancer is most common in women. However, men can also fall victim to the disease. In 2015, about 230,000 new cases of breast cancer will be diagnosed in women and approximately 40,000 women will die from this disease (Cancer.org, 2015). White Non-Hispanic women have the highest incidence rates for breast cancer; however, African American women have higher mortality rates. Cancer disparities to these non-Hispanics are purported by variousRead MoreNegative Effects Of Postpartum Depression1612 Words   |  7 Pagesreceive treatment for this disorder. PPD can be difficult to diagnose because women are often self -reporting and less likely to be forthcoming with their symptoms and detecting PPD becomes a public health problem (Yonkers, 2001, p. 1856). PPD is a health concern because it impacts the woman, baby, and family members especially if PPD goes untreated. There are several factors that need to be taken into consideration for women who may be at a greater risk for experiencing depression during the PPD periodRead MoreMental Health And Depression1134 Words   |  5 Pagesstudy by the National Institute of Mental Health, it was revealed that 13% of African American women suffer from depression at some point in the ir life, a number higher than the general population (Ward, Wiltshire, Detry, Brown, 2013). Mood and Anxiety disorders such as Depression are experienced by black women from all walks of life, especially those from low Socioeconomic backgrounds. Due to a variety of factors black women are more likely to report psychological disturbances and experience Chronic

Sociological Analysis On Attention Deficit Hyperactivity...

Sociological Analysis of ADHD Introduction â€Å"ADHD† stands for â€Å"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder†, while many people use the word disorder and disease as if they were one and the same, they are in fact not. While a disease is an incorrectly functioning organ, part, structure, or system of the body resulting from the effect of genetic or developmental errors, infection, poisons, nutritional deficiency or imbalance, toxicity, or unfavorable environmental factors; illness; sickness; ailment. (disease) A disorder is more of a disruption of a mental state in which causes physical or mental problems. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a disorder that causes a poor attention span, easy distractibility, hyperactivity, and†¦show more content†¦genetics, different brain chemicals, environment, behavior management at school v. home, drug abuse, and exposure to toxins from an early age. In 1993 Thom Hartmann proposed the hunter-farmer theory of ADHD in his book â€Å"Attention Deficit Dis order- A Different Perception†. In this theory he states that back in time, approximately 10,000 year ago, before farming and agriculture was a part of everyday life, people needed hunters to provide food. These ‘hunters’ possessed specialized survival traits: hyper-focus for short intense periods of time, an ability to be ‘distractible’-scanning the horizon for game or threats, and a necessity to be completely ‘in the moment’. Though farming did exist, it was not as wide scale as it is today, and the need for hunters was much greater. (Ferguson) Diagnosis and Treatment ADHD is identified by using a diagnostic interview method. It is important that the study of the child being diagnosed include the history covering their present symptoms, an opposing diagnosis, comorbid conditions, as well as medical, developmental, school,psychosocial, and family histories. It is also recommended to explore the reason for a request for evaluation of ADHD in the first place, as well as the different methods of treatment that had been used in the past. This test is not only unique to ADHD, it is also used in diagnosing other mental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. (National Institute

Analysis Of Al Dunlap Business Decision Making Sunbeam Case

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of Al Dunlap Business Decision Making. Answer: Introduction Decision making in business refers to the act of choosing a certain course of action from different alternatives to achieve certain goals or objectives (Ford Richardson, 2013). Good decision making is an integral part in the management and success of a businesss operation as seen in the case study of Al Dunlap, former CEO of Sunbeam Corporation, whose bad decision making led to a significant financial tragedy and a subsequent loss of his job. This paper seeks to analyze the strategic management decisions made by Al Dunlap using business decision making theories, identify the personality traits and values influencing his decisions and highlight the sequence of events leading to the destruction of Al Dunlap and the financial failure of Sunbeam Corporation Prospect theory can be described as the process of making decisions with high risk to get a chance at a great gain. Decision makers in this theory would rather risk gaining small outcomes than missing out on the chance to end up with great gains (Liu, Fan Zhang, 2014). Albert Dunlap expressed this theory by using the ruthless methods he had used at former companies to improve their financial status. The success of massive layoffs, unethical accounting practices and ruthless leadership he was famous for and that had worked to improve Scott Paper Company among others made him risk losses at Sunbeam Corporation by applying the same methods even though they were not suited for the company. Recommendations to this would be the planning decision-making theory that ensures a specific appropriate return. This would have led to a decision that addresses the specific issues Sunbeam Corp. was having and making real accounting reports even when they reflect small growth. Subjective Expected Utility Theory This is the theory where strategic management decisions are made by choosing the best alternative even in the presence of risk (Edwards, 2013). The assumption made in this theory is that the decision maker has the intention of gaining pleasure and the prevention of pain. Al Dunlap took the decision to effect the bill and hold at Sunbeam Corporation where sales of a large number of items were made at highly discounted prices and stored in third party warehouses before delivery. Al Dunlap chose the bill and held as his best alternative to create good financial results and gain the pleasure of maintaining his reputation, making money for shareholders and avoid the pain of reports of poor results while risking the company for losses. An alternative decision would have been to employ the decision-making theory that avoids risk at all costs. This would have led to alternative incentives to improve and attain realistic sales increase that comply with accounting laws. In this theory, the decision maker makes the best decision from a set of alternatives with the limitation of information, time and intellectual resources. It is the direct opposite of optimization in decision making (Misuraca, Faraci, Gangemi, Carmeci Miceli 2015). Al Dunlap made the decision to give the board of executives at Sunbeam Corp. an ultimatum of leaving the company if he did not get the right support and also made insensible allegations against partner Ronald O. Perelman who owns 14% of the company. These decisions were made without prior consideration of how the board would react to this information or taking the time to cool off after the poor results and negative news reports about the company. This decision eventually led the board to make the hard decision of firing him. A rational decision-making approach, where all facts were present, could have given Al Dunlap time to properly make investigations giving him viable solutions that he would have presented to the boar d. Attribution theory refers to making a decision based on the observation of other peoples behaviors and how they perceive them. The theory is useful in an organizational setting because it helps managers to understand the reasons for certain behavior in their employees. Al Dunlap made his decision to ask the board to either give him assistance or he would quit based on his attribution to Ronald Perelman. Al had observed Ronald Perelman and come to the conclusion that the billionaire was conspiring to bring down the stock to buy the company at a low price. Al made his decisions with an understanding that Ronald had a vendetta against him and was out to get him. Dunlap made the wrong attribution on Ronald Perelman because his emotions made him biased. The theory of rational ignorance would have helped him realize that the cost of acting on this information would have been greater than ignoring his speculation. This is the theory where the interests of the stakeholders are considered when making a decision. Al Dunlap made the detrimental decisions to engage in the bill and hold and accounting misdemeanors to ensure he made profits for the stakeholders and kept the stock at a high valuation. Choosing to address the interest of the stakeholders even when it was not favorable for the company led to financial problems for Sunbeam Corp. It also eventually led to his work termination and investigation into his suspicious financial results. The approach of planning decision theory could have kept him focused on prioritizing the company before stakeholders even when decisions do not lead to an increase in shares. Personal Traits and Values Influencing Al Dunlaps Decision Making Self-aggrandizement made Al Dunlap execute the destructive bill and hold the decision to gain praise by raising the companys financial status while also maintaining his reputation for good reports (Friedman Friedman, 2014). Self-aggrandizement was also an indication of his narcissistic personality. This led to significant financial losses that were avoidable had Al Dunlap made decisions addressing the real problems of Sunbeam Corp. without the motive of unrealistically high financial growth. Al Dunlap lacked self-control and made hasty decisions that were not well thought out when he approached the board with allegations about Perelman and threatened to quit. This trait was also visible when he threatened analyst Andrew Shore. The negative consequences of these actions had he taken the time to evaluate the situations and make the optimal decision. An explicit portrayal of a callous and ruthless indifference to employees is seen in the massive layoffs carried out by Al Dunlap in most of the companies he leads as a way of financial recovery. This earned him the nickname Chainsaw Al and depicted his evil overlord personality. Layoffs do not seem to be a permanent solution as witnessed in the Sunbeam Corp. case and better results would be attained with layoffs based on performance. Psychology theories attribute a lot of his character traits to those of a psychopath. Pride is a trait that Al Dunlap shows through his reactions whenever the pride of his reputation is attacked through negative news reports or financial analysis (Birkinshaw, 2013). Security from doing the right thing and being less motivated by fame would have helped Al Dunlop as it would have avoided the threats made to analyst Andrew Shore and the incriminating reports made every time a news report made an allegation against him. Analysis of Al Dunlaps Case Al Dunlap joined Sunbeam Corp in mid-1996 as the CEO after a successful financial recovery and sale of Scott Paper Co. His reputation of guiding companies into making money by ruthless layoffs among other unethical grew the companys stock. This made the sale of the company impossible which he had planned to along with the already accomplished layoffs and plant shutdowns. Under Als directive, the company instead acquired three more companies and continued to show great results until the third quarter which started to show suspicious results in unit prices and accounts payable. Suspicious results continued to show in the next quarter leading to the investigation into the company which revealed the bill and hold and the accounting practices associated with it (Hatfield Webb, 2011). This decision was made in accordance the prospect theory where the bill and hold decision was made because it seemed to have the most attractive outcome despite the risk of losses afterward. These revelations led to bad press, a drop in the stock market and massive losses to the company which all seemed to make Al Dunlap infuriated as seen through the meetings he later called to explain the situation and his threatening of analyst Andrew Shore. The final blow to Al Dunlap came when he called a board meeting of the companys executives and threatened to quit if he was not given enough support to buy out stakeholder Ronald Perelman who he alleged was after the enterprise. This decision led to his departure from the company after the partners voted to have him fired (Byrne, 1998). The satisficing theory of decision making which Al Dunlap uses to relay info at the board meeting led to the loss of his job because he did not make time to gather information that would assist him in the optimal solution of the companys financial problems. References Birkinshaw, J. (2013). Voices: Not?So?Secret: Deadly Sins of Management. Business Strategy Review, 24(1), 82-83. Byrne, J. A. (1998). How al dunlap self-destructed. Business Week, 6, 58-65. Edwards, W. (Ed.). (2013). Utility theories: Measurements and applications (Vol. 3). Springer Science Business Media. Ford, R. C., Richardson, W. D. (2013). Ethical decision making: A review of the empirical literature. In Citation classics from the Journal of Business Ethics (pp. 19-44). Springer Netherlands. Friedman, H. H., Friedman, L. W. (2014). Springtime for Hitler: Lessons in leadership. Psychosociological Issues in Human Resource Management, 2(2), 27-42. Hatfield, P., Webb, S. (2011). Sunbeam Corporation: A Forensic Analysis. Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS), 6(1). Liu, Y., Fan, Z. P., Zhang, Y. (2014). Risk decision analysis in emergency response: A method based on cumulative prospect theory. Computers Operations Research, 42, 75-82. Misuraca, R., Faraci, P., Gangemi, A., Carmeci, F. A., Miceli, S. (2015). The Decision Making Tendency Inventory: A new measure to assess maximizing, satisficing, and minimizing. Personality and Individual Differences, 85, 111-116.